The Effects Of Raising The Minimum Wage - 1311 Words

The Negative Impacts of Raising the Minimum Wage While the debate over the effects of raising the minimum wage continues, there are countless studies and statistical data to support both sides of this controversy. Often the negative impacts of these wage increases are overshadowed by those who want to help the working class who live at or below the poverty level. Do these increases actually help the ones that they were intended to help? What are the negative impacts on the rest of the working class? How do these increases affect small business, unskilled laborers and overall unemployment? Originally enacted in the 1930s to ensure fair wages for all those employed, today the minimum wage rarely benefits those it was designed to help. Increasing the minimum wage has been shown to have many negative impacts such as reducing entry level non-skilled positions, increased unemployment, and has been shown to be a key factor in increasing inflation. Surprisingly, the minimum wage does very little to help the workers it was intended to help. Data from the Bureau of Labor (2014) shows that only 4.3% out of the 75.9 million hourly paid employees earned at or below the Federal Minimum wage of $7.25 an hour with just over half of those earning less than that due to working in jobs that are exempt such as disabled workers, tipped employees, and full-time students. This population of workers currently accounts for a smaller portion of the work force than it used to and in turn onlyShow MoreRelatedEffect Of Raising Minimum Wage1215 Words   |  5 PagesEffects of Raising Minimum Wag e The minimum wage in this country has been a controversial issue. Many people believe it will help reduce poverty and boost the economy. However, they are not looking at the downfalls this will bring to our country. This could make the unemployment population rise, it will raise prices of other things, and would have little effect on reducing poverty. Raising the minimum wage would have a negative influence on our country. This movement throughout our countryRead MoreEffect Of Raising Minimum Wage1215 Words   |  5 PagesEffects of Raising Minimum Wage The minimum wage in this country has been a controversial issue. Many people believe it will help reduce poverty and boost the economy. However, they are not looking at the downfalls this will bring to our country. This could make the unemployment population rise, it will raise prices of other things, and would have little effect on reducing poverty. Raising the minimum wage would have a negative influence on our country. This movement throughout our country is beingRead MoreThe Effects Of Raising The Minimum Wage1944 Words   |  8 Pages At one point or another, minimum wage is a term that most American people will familiarize themselves with. The topic of minimum wage can sometimes be a particularly controversial one, so it is important that we understand the true effects that this has on our nation’s economy. Before the fall of our economy and the increase in prices of everyday necessities, such as monthly bills, groceries and gasoline, a family could have found it easier to survive off of this wage; however, as the prices continueRead MoreThe Positive and Negative Effects of Raising Minimum Wage805 Words   |  4 Pagessensitive topic for many Americans is their income. Many people’s income relies on minimum wage. In 2012, 3.6 million people received an hourly pay at or below minimum wage. There is an ongoing debate in government as to what the minimum wage should be. Stuck at $7 .25, Obama has suggested raising the minimum wage to $9.00. Depending on a person’s perspective, raising minimum wage could be positive or negative. Minimum wage has the ability to change lives, and change the economy. Small businesses and unemploymentRead More The Negative Effects of Raising the Minimum Wage Essay1552 Words   |  7 PagesIf we took away the minimum wage, we could wipe out unemployment completely because we would be able to offer jobs at every possible skill level. -- Michele Bachmann Proponents of raising the minimum wage claim that if the minimum wage was raised, then many economic and social problems would be alleviated. This contention is at odds both with economic principles and years of creditable research. The effect of raising or even having a minimum wage has been studied extensively and theRead MoreThe Effects Of Raising Minimum Wage On The United States2322 Words   |  10 PagesThe Effects of Raising Minimum Wage My topic of interest is the effects of raising minimum wage in the U.S. Minimum wage is defined as the lowest wage permitted by law or by special agreement. In 1938, President Roosevelt signed a bill called the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938, which set the minimum wage at $0.25. Although, overtime inflation devalued the amount of the dollar so it was raised there on. After raising the minimum wage the cost of living would keep going up every year. Also, currentlyRead MoreThe Effects Of Raising Minimum Wage On The United States969 Words   |  4 PagesEffects of Raising Minimum Wage Raising minimum wage has in the recent years become a very controversial and personal issue, and although it is slowly becoming a more popular idea, some people still resist the movement. What people who oppose the adjustment of minimum wage are not considering, is that by raising minimum wage, it will allow low income families or otherwise low income individuals to earn more, in turn, allowing them to spend more money on goods and services. It will also help theRead MoreThe Effects of Raising the Minimum Wage on US Economy1507 Words   |  6 Pagesyear, the minimum wage has been increasing from less than a dollar to $7.25 now. The question that comes to everybody is that should we increase the minimum wage by too far. Does the minimum wage increase reduce the unemployment since now the current wage is high enough? Some people might think that we should increase the minimum wage in order to increase the labor supply. However, if we think deeply than this, there are more disadvantag es than advantages of increasing the minimum wage. The fartherRead MoreRaising the Minimum Wage: A Counter-Intuitive Solution Essay753 Words   |  4 PagesWhile some believe that raising the minimum wage will resolve poverty issues and lack of pay with the signing of legislation, the raising of the minimum wage to $10.10 an hour (as advocated by President Obama and the Democrats) would cause the poverty issue to be worse than it already is; inflation would occur, employees would be laid off, and minimum wage employees would lose welfare benefits, thus offsetting the wage increase. The Government should consider the effects on the American economy asRead MoreMinimum Wage And The Wage Essay1204 Words   |  5 PagesThe minimum wage is one of the most controversial issues on our country, which is United States has been facing last ten years. There have been never ending debates over this issue until the government, company, and others party stand together, and raise the minimum wage throughout the nations. There are communities that believe raise the minimum wage has negative impact of every sector of the country. Other communities have different beliefs over the issue, raising the minimum wage helps the poor

Gender And Race And Ethnicity Effect Participation

â€Å"Giving definitions of each, outline how class, gender and race and ethnicity effect participation in sport.† Many ideologies in sport have caused controversy, relating to who is entitled to participate in terms of gender, race, ethnicity and class. Participation can be defined as â€Å"the action of taking part in something†, but excludes these potential barriers which can prevent an athlete from reaching their sporting potential. This essay will explore some of these barriers which effect participation in sport, with links to how those barriers have had an influence on the development of participation and opportunities. Gender in sport has been an ongoing issue, especially for women, with many factors influencing their participation in sport†¦show more content†¦Lewko and Greendorfer (1978) also indicated that boys had more opportunities and encouragement to participate in sport through gender labelling of physical activities. These disadvantages for women in sport lead to the development of Title IX – a chapter of the 1964 education amendment to stop gender barriers. Leading to today’s society, over 5% of all women in college now play intercollegiate sports, proving that gender stereotypes have decreased over time (Coakley, 2003). The media have also created a positive outlook on women as an encouragement for them to be more active and involved in sport, highlighting women in sport as being a normality. Despite these advances, there are still gender inequalities associated with sport. For example, in a report from The Guardian, they shown how previous England captain David Beckham had earned $42 million in 2008 compared to Kelly Smith who earned only $32,000 over several months’ despite being considered ‘the outstanding female player of her generation’. These kind of statistics show that, despite improvements in gender equality, there are still concerns when comparing fac tors such as wage earnings and sporting opportunities. Racial ideology in sport is a biological definition, defined as â€Å"an interrelated set of ideas which people use to give meaning to skin colour and to evaluate people in terms of racial classifications†, also used to place others into racial categories and evaluate

El Grecos Burial Of Count Essay Example For Students

El Grecos Burial Of Count Essay It hangs on the wall in the vestibule of the church of Santo Tome in Toledo, Spain and was painted in 1586. It is oil on canvas and was made to fit the very wall it hangs today. The painting does have a Round top making it a very odd fit for anywhere but the church for it to hang. The artist used many dark shades Blue and blacks with yellow and red in the items of importance and detail. White was very common. There was only one other color sort of hid in the robe of St Augastine,Green. He put alot of details in the things that he wanted the audience to pay attention to. The cross for example on the middle right, the keys to the gates of heaven held by saint peter on the top left and a nice touch with the priest with the skull on his rob on the bottom right. This is the first completely personal work by the artist. There are no longer any references to Roman or Venetian formulas or motifs. He has succeeded in eliminating any description of space. There is no ground, no horizon, no sky and no perspective. Accordingly, there is no conflict, and a convincing expression of a supernatural space is achieved. The painting has a couple of oddities with the boy pointing to the seal on the St. Stephens robe but his other hand is sort of contorted. The faces of the people seem to be stuck here and there and dont seem to be natural flowing like a crowd should be in the mist of a vision . We get a glimpse of the artist above St Augustines Hat as he looks up at his own art. And the boy is his son turns out to be his son. The painting is very clearly divided into two zones, the heavenly above and the terrestrial below, but there is little feeling of duality. The upper and lower zones are brought together compositionally e. . , by the standing figures, by their varied participation in the earthly and heavenly event, by the torches, cross, etc. The grand circular mandorla-like pattern of the two Saints descended from Heaven echoes the pattern formed by the Virgin and Saint John the Baptist, and the action is given explicit expression. The point of equilibrium is the outstretched hand poised in the void between the two Saints, whence the mortal body descends, and the Soul, in the medieval form of a transparent and naked child, is taken up by the angel to be received in Heaven. The supernatural appearance of the Saints is enhanced by the splendor of color and light of their gold vestments. The powerful cumulative emotion expressed by the group of participants is suffused and sustained through the composition by the splendor, variety and vitality of the color and of light. The painting illustrates a popular local legend. In 1312, a certain Don Gonzalo Ruiz, native of Toledo, and SeÃÆ'Â ±or of the town of Orgaz, died the family received the title of Count, by which he is generally known, only later. He was a pious man who, among other charitable acts, left moneys for the enlargement and adornment of the church of Santo Tome El Grecos parish church. At his burial, Saint Stephen and Saint Augustine intervened to lay him to rest. The occasion for the commission of the painting for the chapel, in which the SeÃÆ'Â ±or was buried, was the resumption of the tribute payable to the church by the town of Orgaz, which had been withheld for over two centuries. All in all a very interesting piece of art. Though he is kind of a nock off of Michelangelo.

Utilitarian and Retributivist theories of punishment

The aim of the philosophy of punishment is to understand the reason behind administration of punishment and the procedure used in determining the suitable punishment. Punishment refers to authoritative deprivation of people’s freedoms and rights or inflicting pain to an individual or group of people because of engaging in activities against the laws of the society or some group of people.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Utilitarian and Retributivist theories of punishment specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Punishments are administered informally within the society for instance within a family set up or formally through the system of justice in the country. The main aim of punishing wrong doers is to correct them so that they do not go back to the same crime. Punishments are also administered to prevent the victim from influencing other innocent citizens and shy off some who may be intending to commit the sam e crime (Corlett, 2006). Theories of punishment Governments apply several theories to support the use of punishment so that the society maintains law and order. A society without punishment would be disorderly because the rate of crimes will be very high. Crimes like rape, theft, kidnapping, robbery, murder among others would be on increase. This would end the society into a dangerous state. Punishments are used as control measures to people’s behaviors. Involvement in crimes is minimized by punishments because people are aware of the strict measures to be taken against them. Utilitarian and retributivist are the two major theories used in support of punishments (Corlett, 2006). Utilitarian theory of punishment This theory is based on the assumption that offenders are punished to prevent and discourage them from engaging in crimes in future. According to this theory, maximization of laws contributes to society’s happiness. Law enforcement minimizes crimes and punishmen ts and therefore people lead happy and comfortable lives. The proponents of the theory agree that a society free of crimes does not exist but try as much as possible to punish offenders to deter them from committing crimes in future (Murphy, 2007). Murphy (2007) argues that utilitarian theory is naturally consequential. This means that the effects of punishment are felt by individual offenders as well as the larger society. They therefore believe that the benefits of the punishments should outweigh the disadvantages it has to both parties. The theory requires that laws are specifically designed to prevent individual criminals from future destructive activities as well as effects on other members in the society. There are two basic levels of deterrence, general and specific levels of deterrence. General deterrence means that punishment administered to a criminal prevents other people from committing crimes.Advertising Looking for essay on philosophy? Let's see if we can help you ! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The punishment is meant to help others understand that criminal behavior is punishable and therefore the person serves as an example to other people. Specific or individual deterrence means that the punishment is meant to prevent its bearer from committing further crimes. One way of punishing offenders is confining them in a jail where they are under exposure of unfavorable conditions. The experiences in jail discourage them from repeating the crime. Another argument put forward by utilitarians is that punishment changes the moral values of the offender. Punishments make wrong doers realize their mistakes and change for the better so that similar mistakes are not repeated again. In addition, they believe that punishment involves isolation of the offender from the rest of the society members. Society members are now secure because the person cannot cause any more harm to them. For instance when criminals are confined in jails, t heir movements is closely monitored within the institution. They also believe that punishments should both be administered to offenders and innocent people if the society is to benefit from the act (Murphy, 2007). According to Murphy (2007), rehabilitation measures are useful methods of instilling punishment to offenders. Offenders are taken to rehabilitation centers under the control of law where necessary steps are taken to help them out of criminal activities. Treatments of pain like chronic violent behavior and mental disorders are some of the applicable rehabilitation measures taken on criminals. Educational programs are also offered in rehabilitation centers which equip them with knowledge and skills in various courses. This enables them to earn a living. Retributivist theory of punishment The theory puts its major emphasis on the crime.Its proponents believe that criminals deserve punishments because they committed certain crimes. The reason for being punished is because they deserve it. People should be responsible for their deeds and actions and therefore should bear the consequences of such actions. Proponents argue the guilty and not innocent should be subjected to punishment. The theory is based on violation of laws (transgression) as the reason for administering punishment (Murphy, 2007).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Utilitarian and Retributivist theories of punishment specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Retributivist theorists argue that people have free will and can make rational decisions. The thinking capacity of normal human beings is high and it makes it possible for people to differentiate between the right and wrong. They should make sound decisions before acting. If an act affects other people negatively, it should be avoided. People with mental disorders like madness should not be subjected to punishments because they may not be aware of their actions (Murphy, 2007). According to this theory, punishment is a form of revenge. Punishment is meant to let offenders suffer like they caused suffering to other people. The theory is based on the same principle applied in the Christian Bible during the Old Testament. The bible encourages revenge by using phrases such as â€Å"tooth for tooth†, â€Å"fracture for fracture† and â€Å"eye for eye†. The bible in the Old Testament encourages peoples to cause as much pain as they caused them. In addition, the theorists argue that individual and societies legitimate rights are protected in effect with the punishment. Through the punishment, the offender pays the debt to the society after which the offender joins the community back without any guilty. It’s a kind of respect to the offender because other society members do not discriminate against them. According to this theory, the main determinant of the punishment is the level of crime. Judging how much one is to be punished is the problem (Murphy, 2007). Merits of Utilitarian Theory Murphy (2007) argues that utilitarian theory of punishment has several advantages. For example, it helps in changing the morals of the person. Immoral people change to responsible citizens after they have been subjected to punishment. Offenders realize that what they are doing is not accepted by the society and adopt acceptable values. The standard in which societies maintain law and order is high because the effects of punishment will be felt by the whole society. Society members try as much as possible to avoid engaging in crimes which may lead to them being punished. In many cases, offenders are triggered by a particular issue to engage in crimes like theft.Advertising Looking for essay on philosophy? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Rehabilitation centers are of great help to such people because they come out of the centers with knowledge and skills which they can depend on to earning a living. Incarceration acts as a way of preventing further crimes in the society by isolating criminals. Sufferings caused by criminals are reduced too minimum. Harsh and severe punishments in jail help in molding criminals into useful citizens. Merits of retributivist theory The theory discourages people from engaging in crimes because they will be held accountable for their actions. Offenders receive back what they do to other people. The punishment that an individual receives is equivalent to the crime committed. Application of the theory enhances justices because there is no way in which all crimes will be judged equally. There are those crimes which cause severe and long lasting suffering to the victim like rape. Individuals convicted with such crimes should receive a different judging from that of another person who stole m inor items if justice is to be maintained. The theory encourages fair judgment. Unlike Utilitarian, the theory does not allow innocent people to suffer for actions they did not participate in or things may not be aware of. If the laws of a society allow innocent people to suffer on the basis that the results will be overall gain to the society, this is fair (Yadav, 1993) Yadav (1993) states that mentally unfit persons should not be subjected to punishments. Such people commit crimes out of their knowledge and should not be held responsible for them. In some cases, they also engage in activities which endanger their own lives. Instead of punishing them, they should be taken to rehabilitation centers where necessary treatments are administered. Finally, proponents of this theory believe that people are punished because they went against the laid down instructions. After, the punishment, the offender is welcomed back to the society. Utilitarian versus Retributivist It is difficult to d etermine which of the two theories is superior because they are all based on strong arguments. The aim of the utilitarian theory is to prevent the offender from committing crimes in future while retributivists strongly believe that offenders must pay back to the community their bad deeds. These are all valuable arguments. It is difficult for societies to perfectly follow the theories but they act as general guidelines to them (Yadav, 1993). According to me, utilitarian theory of punishment is superior to retributivist theory. This is because some of its arguments are subject to criticism. For instance, it is difficult to estimate appropriate punishments for crimes. How will a judge determine the punishment for rape and murder cases which are equally serious crimes? Secondly, there is a likelihood of offenders getting used to punishments because they are sure they will be absorbed back to the society comfortably after completing their punishment. Some criminals may change it into hab it. Some people may pretend to be mentally unfit in order to evade the punishment. Out of ignorance, some people may get involved in crimes. Finally, making criminals suffer like they did to other people is not solution to the problem. They will continue engaging in crimes (Zaibert, 2006). Effectiveness of the Approaches Both approaches are not effective because the kinds of punishments imposed on criminals in the modern world do not effectively rehabilitate criminals. For instance, criminals who are fined do not feel the pinch of what they do to other people. Such forms prevent crime for some period of time. If criminals are to change, they should be exposed to financial, emotional and physical suffering. Although it is difficult for a society free of crime to exist, societies should have laid down instruction to help them in maintaining law and order (Zaibert, 2006). References Corlett, A. (2006). Responsibility and punishment. New York, NY: Springer. Murphy, C. (2007). Philosophy of law: the fundamentals. New York, NY: Blackwell Pub. Yadav, D. (1993). Law of crime and self-defence. New York, NY: Mittal Publications. Zaibert, L. (2006). Punishment and retribution. London: Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. This essay on Utilitarian and Retributivist theories of punishment was written and submitted by user Reese Nolan to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.